Indeed, an enlarged CSP has been evaluated in a broad range of psychiatric adult populations, typically by measuring the anterior-to-posterior CSP length on MR imaging studies, but with mixed results. 7, 9, 13, 17 However, because the postnatal closure of the CSP is presumed to be dependent on growing brain structures, 2, 3 we would expect the brain regions in direct or close contact with the septum pellucidum to be smaller in subjects with enlarged CSPs.īecause an enlarged CSP is considered a neurodevelopmental anomaly, it has been postulated as a potential marker for psychiatric disorders that have neurodevelopmental origins. 12 Other studies did not find a relation to global or specific brain structure volumes. In patients with schizophrenia and an enlarged CSP, smaller amygdala volumes and smaller left posterior parahippocampal gyrus volumes compared with patients without CSP were found. 1, 5 There is no clear cutoff value to define enlargement of the CSP, but many previous studies used a common cutoff of ≥6 mm. In general, the size of a normal-variant septum is estimated at approximately 1–4 mm. A persistent CSP with a cavum length of <5 mm is common in a large proportion of healthy subjects, with prevalence rates of up to 30% in the adult population, 1, 4 and is therefore considered a normal variant. 1 ⇓– 3 However, in some cases, the septa do not fuse and form the persistent cavum. The 2 septa of the cavum typically fuse into a single septum pellucidum within 5 months after birth, likely due to growth of the surrounding brain structures. At birth, these 2 septa are separated and form the lateral walls of a cavity filled with CSF, the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP). The septum pellucidum is a thin plate consisting of 2 fused laminae or septa located between the lateral ventricles of the brain. ABBREVIATIONS: CBCL Child Behavior Checklist CSP cavum septum pellucidum IQ intelligence quotient M marginal mean ρ s Spearman partial correlation SE standard error
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